2021-10-29

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In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Black American Women were struggling with both racism and misogyny as they fought for their rights. Black Women formed clubs and organized to make sure civil and political rights were extended to ALL Black people, not just Black men. These clubs were grass-roots organizations of middle-class women who were often only one generation removed from slavery. Today we'll learn about the origins of these clubs and some of the notable women who drove this movement.

Clint's book, How the Word is Passed is available now! https://bookshop.org/a/3859/9780316492935

SOURCES:

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Josephine-St-Pierre-Ruffin

https://www.nps.gov/people/josephine-st-pierre-ruffin.htm#_ftn4

Paula Giddings, Where and When I Enter: The Impact of Black Women on Race and Sex in America (New York: Harper Collins Publishers, Inc., 1984).

Deborah Gray White, Too Heavy a Load: Black Women in Defense of Themselves, 1894-1994 (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1999).

Roger Streitmatter, Raising Her Voice African-American Women Journalists Who Changed History University Press of Kentucky 2014

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