2025-07-28

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Chemistry in a Nutshell

The Bohr model of the atom couldn't explain everything, especially when it came to electron behavior. See how that early model gave way to a new understanding of atomic orbitals, shaped by groundbreaking work from Louis de Broglie, Werner Heisenberg, Erwin Schrödinger, and Paul Dirac. From wave-particle duality to the uncertainty principle, from electron probability clouds to relativistic equations, you'll discover how each of these physicists contributed to the creation of the quantum mechanical model of the atom.

What is an atom? Watch the whole playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMszGN5XY0QXNP_t-9Z-B8C2

Playlists to ACE Chemistry:

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https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMtc45U4K2b0Dm88L9D7d0EE

PATREON: https://www.patreon.com/c/ChemistryinaNutshell

0:00 Bohr Model Limitations & Scientific Greats

0:55 de Broglie’s Wave-Particle Duality Explained

2:06 What Is Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle?

3:07 Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Math: Step-by-Step

5:43 What Heisenberg’s Results Really Mean

6:32 Schrödinger’s Equation & Atomic Orbitals Visualized

8:12 When Heisenberg & Schrödinger Agree (and Clash)

8:25 What Are Atomic Orbitals?

8:41 Dirac Predicts Electron Spin & Antimatter

9:08 Quantum Atom Summary: TL;DR Explained

Citations:

https://openstax.org/books/chemistry-2e/pages/2-2-evolution-of-atomic-theory

Images:

By Walery, Polish-British, 1863-1929 - http://estonia.usembassy.gov/, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1694470

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bee_Jackson_demonstrates_The_Charleston.jpg

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Johnny_De_Droit_Jazz_Orchestra_promo_card.jpg

By Agence Rol - This image has been extracted from another file, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=159732407

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg#/media/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild183-R57262,_Werner_Heisenberg.jpg

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger#/media/File:Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger_-_Narodowe_Archiwum_Cyfrowe_(1-E-939).jpg

By Nobel Foundation - http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1933/dirac.html, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=624401

OpenStax Chemistry 2e, Figure 6.13 Compare the two types of emission spectra: continuous spectrum of white light (top) and the line

spectra of the light from excited sodium, hydrogen, calcium, and mercury atoms. Continuous spectrum and emission spectrum of calcium were used to show continuous and discrete spectra of a rainbow.

Image by obBilde on Pixabay https://pixabay.com/photos/violin-music-instrument-1638742/

Periodic Table used with permission from https://sciencenotes.org/printable-periodic-table/

Music:

Music by Anastasia Chubarova from https://pixabay.com https://pixabay.com/users/music_for_videos-26992513/?utm_source=link-attribution&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=music&utm_content=161569