2016-02-17

[public] 3.43M views, 53.9K likes, dislikes audio only

MinuteEarth

In the animal kingdom, sex often involves more conflict than cooperation. The struggle between males and females leads to a host of weird adaptations, from chastity belts to anti-aphrodisiacs.

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To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

- Sexual conflict: an evolutionary mismatch between the interests of males and females, especially concerning mating strategies

CREDITS

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Script Writer: Kate Yoshida

Script Editor: Emily Elert

Video Illustrator: Ever Salazar

Video Director: Emily Elert

With Contributions From: Henry Reich, Alex Reich and Peter Reich

Music by: Nathaniel Schroeder

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REFERENCES

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Brennan, P.L.R., Clark, C.J., & Prum, R.O. (2010). Explosive eversion and functional morphology of the duck penis supports sexual conflict in waterfowl genitalia. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 277: 309–1314. http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/early/2009/12/18/rspb.2009.2139

Chapman, T., Arnqvist, G., Bangham J., & Rowe, L. (2003). Sexual conflict. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 18: 41–47. http://heart.sdsu.edu/~website/Biology_307/pdfs/ConflictReview.pdf

Dean, R., Nakagawa, S., & Pizzari, T. (2011). The risk and intensity of sperm ejection in female birds. American Naturalist 178(3): 343–354. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/661244

Hosken D.J. & Stockley, P. (2004). Sexual selection and genital evolution. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 19: 87-93. http://www.cell.com/trends/ecology-evolution/abstract/S0169-5347(03)00374-4

Koprowski, J.L. (1992). Removal of copulatory plugs by female tree squirrels. Journal of Mammalogy 732:572—76. http://jmammal.oxfordjournals.org/content/73/3/572

Price, C.S.C., Dyer, K.A., Coyne, J.A. (1999). Sperm competition between Drosophila males involves both displacement and incapacitation. Nature 400: 449-452. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v400/n6743/full/400449a0.html

Rowe, L., Arnqvist, G., Sih, A. & Krupa, J. J. (1994). Sexual conflict and the evolutionary ecology of mating patterns: water striders as a model system. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 9:289-293. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0169534794900329