2020-02-12

[public] 1.17M views, 36.3K likes, dislikes audio only

MinuteEarth

When a group of apes got split apart, slight differences in their new environments led to big differences in future generations.

LEARN MORE

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To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

- Chimpanzee: A great ape native to tropical Africa that is one of humanity’s closest living relatives.

- Bonobo: A slightly smaller great ape native to tropical Africa that is one of humanity’s closest living relatives.

- Speciation: A lineage-splitting event in which a population of the same species becomes two different species.

- Allopatric speciation: Speciation that occurs when populations of the same species get isolated geographically.

- Hominini: The taxonomical classification that includes humans, chimps, and bonobos.

- Pan: The taxonomical classification that includes chimps and bonobos.

- Chimpobo: A name we just made up to identify the common ancestor of the chimpanzee and bonobo.

- Congo river: The deepest river in the world and the second largest (behind the Amazon) in discharge volume.

- G-G Rubbing: A form of genital to genital contact bonobos sometimes use to form social bonds.

CREDITS

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Writer, Director, and Narrator: David Goldenberg

Video Illustrator: Sarah Berman

With Contributions From: Henry Reich, Alex Reich, Kate Yoshida, Ever Salazar, Peter Reich, Julián Gómez, Arcadi Garcia Rius

Music by: Nathaniel Schroeder

VHS Rewind effect based on footage by http://www.anfx.co

MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC

https://neptunestudios.info

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REFERENCES

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Caswell, J., Mallick, S., Richter, D., Neubauer, J., Schirmer, C., Gnerre, S., Reich, D. (2008). Analysis of Chimpanzee History Based on Genome Sequence Alignments. PLoS Genetics. 4(4): e1000057. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1000057

Takemoto H, Kawamoto Y, Furuichi T. (2015). How Did Bonobos Come to Range South of the Congo River? Reconsideration of the Divergence of Pan paniscus from Other Pan Populations. Evolutionary Anthropology. 24:170–184. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26478139

Prufer, K. et al (2012). The Bonobo Genome Compared with the Chimpanzee and Human Genomes. Nature. 486: 527–531. https://www.nature.com/articles/nature11128

Hey, J. (2010). The Divergence of Chimpanzee Species and Subspecies as Revealed in Multipopulation Isolation-with-Migration Analyses. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 27(4): 921-933. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2877540/

Takemoto H, Kawamoto Y, Furuichi T. (2015). How Did Bonobos Come to Range South of the Congo River? Reconsideration of the Divergence of Pan paniscus from Other Pan Populations. Evolutionary Anthropology. 24:170–184. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26478139.

Stanford, C. (2019). Personal Communication. Professor of Anthropology and Biological Sciences, University of Southern California.