2016-01-21

[public] 1.20M views, 23.9K likes, dislikes audio only

MinuteEarth

There have supposedly been five “mass extinctions” in Earth’s history, but the real story is more complex than that.

LEARN MORE

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To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

- Mass Extinction Event: a significant, global decrease in the diversity of life

- "Big 5": The five biggest mass extinction events since the Cambrian explosion of Life 550 million years ago

- Biodiversity Crisis: Like a mass extinction, a biodiversity crisis is a marked depletion in diversity in the fossil record. Some scientists prefer to call the late-Devonian extinction a "biodiversity crisis" because a lack of speciation contributed to the loss in diversity just as much as extinction did.

- Diversity curve: A line chart that shows the diversity of life (usually by genera, but sometimes by species or family) over time

- Lagerstatte: a deposit of sedimentary rock that contains a profound number of fossils, often with excellent preservation

- Shareholder Quorum Subsampling: A statistical method that corrects for some of the biases in the fossil record, allowing scientists to generate more accurate diversity curves

CREDITS

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Script Writer: Emily Elert (twitter:@eelert)

Script Editor: Kate Yoshida (twitter:@KateYoshida)

Video Illustrator: Ever Salazar (twitter:@eversalazar)

Video Director: Emily Elert (twitter:@eelert)

With Contributions From: Henry Reich (twitter:@minutephysics), Alex Reich (twitter:@alexhreich), Peter Reich

Music by: Nathaniel Schroeder: http://www.soundcloud.com/drschroeder

Thanks also to our Patreon patrons:

Today I Found Out, Maarten Bremer, Mark Roth, Jeff Straathof, Tony Fadell, Ahmed, Muhammad Shifaz, Vidhya Krishnaraj, Luka Leskovsek, Duhilio Patino, Alberto Bortoni, Valentin, Nicholas Buckendorf, and Antoine Coeur

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REFERENCES

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Alroy, J. (2015). Personal Communication.

Alroy, J. (2008). Dynamics of origination and extinction in the marine fossil record. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 11536-11542. Retrieved April 8, 2015, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2556405/

Alroy, J. (n.d.). Accurate and precise estimates of origination and extinction rates. Paleobiology, 40(3), 374-397. Retrieved September 20, 2015, from https://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/~alroy/pdfs/2014-Paleobiology-40-374.pdf

Benton, M. (2003). When life nearly died: The greatest mass extinction of all time. New York: Thames & Hudson.

Barrett, Paul M. (2015). Personal Communication.

Fossilworks: Gateway to the Paleobiology Database.

http://fossilworks.org/?page=paleodb

Lloyd, GT, Smith, AB and Young, JR, (2011). Quantifying the deep-sea rock and fossil record bias using coccolithophores. Geological Society Special Publication, 358 (1), 167-177.

Mcghee, G., Clapham, M., Sheehan, P., Bottjer, D., & Droser, M. (2013). A new ecological-severity ranking of major Phanerozoic biodiversity crises. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 370, 260-270.

Raup, D. (1979). Biases in the fossil record of species and genera. Bulletin of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History 13: 85–91.

Raup, D., & Sepkoski, J. (1982). Mass Extinctions in the Marine Fossil Record. Science, 215(4539), 1501-1503.

Vermeij, GJ. (2015). Personal Communication.