How to Keep Elephants and Wolves Out of Your Yard

Ausband, D.E. 2010. Pilot study report for using a biofence to manipulate wolf pack movements in central Idaho. Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit.

http://www.umt.edu/mcwru/personnel/ausband/docs/biofence_pilot_test_report_2010.pdf

Ausband, D.E. (2011) Biofence: A Novel, Non-Lethal Tool for Deterring Wolf/Livestock Conflicts. Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit. https://awionline.org/sites/default/files/uploads/documents/wild-csaward-biofence-070411.pdf

Beachy R.N. (1997) Mechanisms and applications of pathogen-derived resistance in transgenic plants. Current Opinions in Biotechnology 8(2): 215–220. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9079736

Beachy R.N., Loesch-Fries S., and Tumer N. (1990) Coat protein-mediated resistance against virus infection Annual Review of Phytopathology 28: 451-472. http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.py.28.090190.002315?journalCode=phyto

Ferreira, S.A., Pitz, K.Y., Manshardt, R., Zee, F., Fitch, M., and Gonsalves, D. (2002) Virus coat protein transgenic papaya provides practical control of papaya ringspot virus in Hawaii. Plant Disease 86: 101–105. http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/abs/10.1094/PDIS.2002.86.2.101

Gonsalves, D. and Ferreira, S. (2003) Transgenic papaya: a case for managing risks of papaya ringspot virus in Hawaii. Plant Health Progress. http://naldc.nal.usda.gov/naldc/download.xhtml?id=2913&content=PDF

King, L.E., Douglas-Hamilton, I. and Vollrath, F. (2011) Beehive fences as effective deterrents for crop-raiding elephants: field trials in northern Kenya. African Journal of Ecology 49(4): 431-39. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2028.2011.01275.x/abstract

King, L.E., Lawrence, A., Douglas-Hamilton, I. and Vollrath, F. (2009)

Beehive fence deters crop-raiding elephants. African Journal of Ecology 47(2): 131–137. http://www.eci.ox.ac.uk/publications/downloads/king2009-beehive.pdf

OTHER CREDITS

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Deer jumping over fence

Footage by: Youtube user musselshell

youtube.com/watch?v=eV23yzJIPWo

Cow Peeing

Photo by: Richard Bartz

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bos_taurus_taurus_peeing.jpg

Bos Taurus sideview

Photo by: Richard Bartz

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bos_taurus_taurus_sideview.JPG

Bos Taurus sideview 2

Photo by: Wikimedia user Irmgard

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Simmentaler_Fleckvieh.jpg

Sagalla beehive fence

Photo by: Lucy King

http://www.elephantsandbees.com

Timber_wolves_fighting

Photo by: Martin Cathrae

http://www.flickr.com/photos/suckamc/6980791925/

Timber_wolves

Photo by: Martin Cathrae

http://www.flickr.com/photos/suckamc/6980791925/

Papaya Guanica

Photo by: David Jenkins / EntomologyLabPR

http://entomologylabpr.blogspot.com/2013/02/what-does-aphid-see-implications-for.html

Elephant

Photo by: Wkimedia user Charlesjsharp

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:African_Elephant_walking.JPG

Bee

Photo by: Bob Peterson

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Honey_Bee_on_Willow_Catkin_(5419305106).jpg

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