Where Will The Next Pandemic Come From?

2022-04-21

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The most likely cause of the next pandemic will be the “spillover” of a disease from one of a select group of animals with particular immune system traits and interactions with humans.

LEARN MORE

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To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

- Zoonosis: A disease that can be transmitted to humans by animals

- Hyper reservoirs: Animals that naturally are home to multiple infectious agents.

- Spillover: Transmission of a zoonosis from an animal reservoir to a human.

- Life history strategy: An evolutionary strategy that involves tradeoffs among growth, survival, and reproduction.

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REFERENCES

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Keesing, F., and Ostefld, R. (2021). Impacts of biodiversity and biodiversity loss on zoonotic diseases. PNAS, 118 (17) e2023540118. Retrieved from: https://www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.2023540118

Han, B., Schmidt, J.P., Bowden, S., and Drake, J. (2015). Rodent reservoirs of future zoonotic diseases. PNAS, 112 (22) 7039-7044. Retrieved from: https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1501598112

Balderrama-Gutierrez G, Milovic A, Cook VJ, Islam MN, Zhang Y, Kiaris H, Belisle JT, Mortazavi A, Barbour AG. (2021). An Infection-Tolerant Mammalian Reservoir for Several Zoonotic Agents Broadly Counters the Inflammatory Effects of Endotoxin. mBio.;12(2):e00588-21. Retrieved from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33849979/

Olival, K., Hosseini, P., Zambrana-Torrelio, C. et al. (2017). Host and viral traits predict zoonotic spillover from mammals. Nature 546, 646–650. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature22975

Martin, L. B., 2nd, Weil, Z. M., & Nelson, R. J. (2007). Immune defense and reproductive pace of life in Peromyscus mice. Ecology, 88(10), 2516–2528. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1890/07-0060.1

Johnson Christine K., Hitchens Peta L., Pandit Pranav S., Rushmore Julie, Evans Tierra Smiley, Young Cristin C. W. and Doyle Megan M. (2020). Global shifts in mammalian population trends reveal key predictors of virus spillover risk. Proc. R. Soc. B .2872019273620192736. Retrieved from: https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2019.2736

Allen, T., Murray, K.A., Zambrana-Torrelio, C. et al. (2017). Global hotspots and correlates of emerging zoonotic diseases. Nat Commun 8, 1124. Retrieved from: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-00923-8

Han, Barbara. (2022). Personal communication. Disease Ecologist, Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies. http://www.hanlab.science/