2015-03-31

[public] 4.58M views, 84.8K likes, dislikes audio only

MinuteEarth

Rotting meat is host to some of the world's most lethal toxins...and yet some animals regularly stomach the stuff without getting sick. Here's how they do it.

CREDITS

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Created by Henry Reich

Production and Writing Team: Alex Reich, Peter Reich, Emily Elert, Ever Salazar, Kate Yoshida, and Henry Reich

Music by Nathaniel Schroeder

Thanks also to our Patreon patrons:

- @AntoineCoeur

- Mark

- @TodayIFoundOut1

- Emil Kampp

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REFERENCES

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DeVault, T.L., Rhodes O.E., & Shivik, J.A. (2003) Scavenging by vertebrates: Behavioral, ecological, and evolutionary perspectives on an important energy transfer pathway in terrestrial ecosystems. Oikos 102: 225- 234. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1263&context=icwdm_usdanwrc

Flies, A., personal communication, 2015.

Houston, D. C. & Cooper, J. (1975) The digestive tract of the whiteback griffon vulture and its role in disease transmission among wild ungulates. Journal of Wildlife Disease 11: 306–313. http://www.bioone.org/doi/pdf/10.7589/0090-3558-11.3.306

Marín-Arroyo, A.B., Fosse, P., & Vigne, J.D. (2009) Probable evidences of bone accumulation by Pleistocene bearded vulture at the archaeological site of El Mirón Cave (Spain). Journal of Archaeological Science 36: 284–296. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305440308002082

Ohishi, I., Sakaguchi, G., Riemann, H., Behymer, D., & Hurvell, B. (1979) Antibodies to Clostridium botulinum toxins in free-living birds and mammals. Journal of Wildlife Disease 15: 3–9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/459044

Roggenbuck, M., Schnell, I.B., Blom, N., Bælum, J., Bertelsen, M.F., Pontén, T.S., Sørensen, S.J., Thomas, M., Gilbert, P., Graves, G.R., & Hansen, L.H. (2014). The microbiome of New World vultures. Nature Communications 5:5498. http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2014/141125/ncomms6498/abs/ncomms6498.html

Rozen, D.E., Engelmoer, D.J.P. & Smiseth, P.T. (2008) Antimicrobial strategies in burying beetles breeding on carrion .Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105: 17890-17895. http://www.pnas.org/content/105/46/17890.abstract

Selva, N., Jędrzejewska, B., Jędrzejewski, W. & Wajrak, A. (2005): Factors affecting carcass use by a guild of scavengers in European temperate woodland. Canadian Journal of Zoology 83: 1590-1601. http://zbs.bialowieza.pl/g2/pdf/1509.pdf

Von Hoermann, C., Steiger, S., Muller, J.K., & Ayasse, M. (2013) Too fresh is unattractive! The attraction of newly emerged Nicrophorus vespilloides females to odour bouquets of large cadavers at various stages of decomposition. PLoS One 8: e58524. http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0058524

Video clips by Kate Yoshida.